THE INCESSANT NATIONAL GRID COLLAPSE AND POSSIBLE BREAKTHROUGH SOLUTIONS

The Nigerian National Grid is an interconnection of all the power supply infrastructure and networks within the country which is controlled by the National Control Centre (NCC), Osogbo. During President Buhari’s Administration from 2015 – 2023, the country experienced a total of 99 national grid collapses which put a great question on the stability of our grid network and the possible competence of the managerial hands on the system.

So far, under President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s regime, we have had 3 grid collapses in 2023 (September 14, 19 and December 11) and 4 collapses in 2024 (February 4, March 28, April 15 and July 6) making it a total of 7 national grid collapses since the inception of this government.

In my article on National Grid Collapse on March 17th, 2022 I gave a table on the list of national grid collapses experienced from 2010 to 2021, the link to the article is https://www.delwit.com/what-actually-is-national-grid-collapse/ for 2022 we had a total of 8 collapses while in 2023 a total of 3 grid collapses were recorded.

During the third week of August 2023, the Nigerian government under President Tinubu celebrated 400 consecutive days without a national grid collapse. Unfortunately, 21 days after that, on September 14th, 2023 there was a national grid collapse which was attributed to the fire incident at the Birnin-Kebbi transmission substation.

From analyses, the following can be attributed as the major cause of these frequent grid collapses in the country:

  1. Gas Shortages: the shortage of gas has been described as the major cause of the grid collapse in the country as the available data has attributed this to be about 75% cause of most recorded collapses. Despite our abundant natural gas reserves in the country, we are still faced with this challenge.
  2. Vandalism of Power Infrastructure: the destruction and vandalization of major power infrastructure is one of the causes of the recurrent collapse of the national grid. The collapse of December 11th, 2023 was attributed to the vandalization of the Gwagwalada-Kukwaba-Apo 132kV transmission line 1 between “towers 23 and tower 25”.
  3. Fire Incident: fire incident is one of the causes of grid collapse in the country, the fire outbreak at the Birnin-Kebbi transmission substation was the cause of the grid collapse of September 14th, 2023 and some other fire incidents both at the generation and transmission stations.
  4. Weak Transmission Lines – Most of the existing transmission lines are sagging and their maintenance level is quite low. This has reduced the efficiency of the lines and led to frequent cuts or damage of the line leading to unwarranted outages.
  5. Poor Generation Ability – currently, the country has a total installed capacity of 13GW but unfortunately, the only available capacity we have since 1999 has been between 3000-5000MW for the entire population of 200 million people.

Other causes include:

  • Lack of reliable Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system
  • Lack of adequate protection system
  • Lack of redundancy
  • Poor maintenance plan and schedule, amongst others.

To improve the generating capacity of the country and reduce the constant collapse of the national grid, the following have been suggested:

  1. The government should look into the current gas shortages in power plants and ensure continuous supply, one major challenge is that most GENCOS owe these gas companies a huge sum of money as a result of the inadequate remittance of funds by the DisCos to NBET for onward delivery to the Gencos, hence the gas companies at times cut off the gas supply.
  2. We have gas as one of our main natural resources, we should try to sell to power companies at a very subsidized rate which should be priced in Naira and also paid in naira as against the use of dollars for all local gas transactions.    
  3. SCADA systems and adequate protection facilities are quite key to ensuring a stable transmission network
  4. States should be encouraged to key into the enacted National Electricity Act, 2023 which gives room to the state government to generate, transmit and distribute power within their state, and also gives the regulatory powers to them to regulate the entire electricity business within the state. When states become involved, the total dependency on the national grid will be totally reduced.
  5. Complete overhaul of the existing generating stations to ensure they generate up to 80% of their installed capacity.
  6. Plan for the integration of renewable energy systems into the grid network with seamless coordination.
  7. Training and Re-training of key management staff, Engineering and Technical operators as well as other key staff within the network.
  8. More investment in the transmission network to ensure their efficiency.
  9. More investors to be attracted to the generation aspect of the chain, especially the Siemens deal, it should be revisited and ensure it comes to fruition.  

Power is a serious business in any country that leads to rapid commercial and infrastructural development, it is advised that the current government should work assiduously to ensure that a constant, stable and effective power supply is being rendered to the citizens of the country.

Darlington Okoka

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