Inverter Battery Equalizer and How to Connect it
A BMS or Battery Equalizer is an electronic device that monitors, controls and ensures the wellbeing of rechargeable batteries in a bank. The following are the major roles of a BMS to the life span of a battery bank:
- Active balancing of the battery bank.
- Battery Temperature Monitoring
- Charging Rate control.
Active Balancing: The BMS is used to actively balance the energy or state of charge between two or more batteries in a string. It draws energy from the most charged cell and transfer to the least charged cell. For example, in a 24V PV system with 2 batteries (12V) connected in series, as the charge voltage increases above 27V, the BMS turns on and compares the voltage over the two series connected batteries, it then draws a current of up to 1A from the battery with the higher voltage, the resulting charge current differential will ensure both batteries converge to the same state of charge, this helps to prolong the life of the batteries in the bank.
Temperature Monitoring: Most BMS has a Battery Temperature Sensor (BTS) embedded in them to ensure temperature control during both charging and discharging cycles. It should be noted that batteries operate best withing a temperature range of 18oc to 25oc but as the temperature increases, the chemical reaction becomes faster allowing the battery’s output to improve, however if this chemical reaction becomes too fast, then the chemicals maybe lost thereby decreasing the battery’s life. If temperature rise even higher, then thermal runaway will occur which may adversely affect the battery life.
Charging Rate Control: A BMS can optimize the charging rate of your batteries by helping to speed up charging time without causing battery degradation. This is achieved by constantly communicating with the charger and monitoring current flow to the cell and battery bank.
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